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1567-1698....CHAMPLAIN, FRONTENAC. NEWFOUNDLAND, ACADIA and BOSTON Fleet.....lghrexiled ************************************************************ Count de FRONTENAC http://www.threerivershms.com/Reidch7.htm http://www.vermontgenealogy.com/addison/history/incursions_of_the_french.htm "Upon your arrival at the airport or train station, you will be greeted by Samuel de Champlain, the founder of Québec City, or the Count de Frontenac, the first governor of New France. They will join you on the motorcoach that takes you to your hotel." ********************************************************* FRONTENAC (1662-1698)...Catholic Encyclopedia Count Louis de Baude Frontenac A governor of New France, b. at Paris, 1662; d. at Quebec, 28 Nov., 1698. His father was captain of the royal castle of St-Germain-en-laye; his mother, née Phelypeaux, [PHILEPOTT] was the daughter of the king's secretary of state; Louis XIII was his godfather. By his valour and skill he won the rank of marshall of the king's camps and armies. He served in Holland, France, Italy and Germany, and also in Candia ["The Greeks still give the name of Heracleion to a city built by the Arabs in 825 near the site of the ancient city; the Arabian name was Khandak, whence the Italian name Candia is used also for the whole island. In 960 Candia was taken by Nicephorus Phocas. In 1204 it passed to the Venetians and in 1669 to the Turks.] where Turenne had sent him to command a contingent against the Turks. A brilliant military reputation, therefore, preceeded him to Canada. During his first administration (1672-1682) he built a fort at Cataracouy (now Kingston) to awe the Iroquois and facilitate communications with the West. To explore the course of the Mississippi, previously discovered by Joliet and Marquette, he sent Cavelier de La Salle, who named the country watered by that river Louisiana, in honour of Louis XIV. Although intelligent and magnanimous, brave and unflinching in peril, he was proud, imperious, and ready to sacrifice all to personal animosity. He quarrelled with most of the officials of the colony over petty questions: with his councillors, with the intendant (Duchesneau), with the Governor of Montreal (Perrot), and with Mgr de Laval, whose prohibition of the liquor-traffic with the Indians he judged harmful to commercial interests. The king, after vainly trying to curb his haughtiness, recalled him in 1682. In 1689, when the uprising of the Iroquois and the Lachine massacre, in retaliation of Governor Denonville's treacherous dealing, threatened the existence of the colony, Frontenac was sent to the rescue and was hailed as a deliverer. He had to fight the allied Iroquois and English; but his bravery and ability were equal to the task. After d'Iberville's brilliant exploits in Hudson Bay, Frontenac divided his forces into three corps, which captured Corlar (Schenectady), Salmon Falls (N.H.) and Casco (Me.). When, to avenge these disasters, Boston sent a fleet against Quebec (1690), Frontenac's response to the summons of Phipps's envoy was: "Go tell your master that we shall answer him by the mouths of our guns" — a threat which was made good by the enemy's defeat. In 1696 Frontenac wisely disregarded the instructions of France to evacuate the upper country, which would have ruined the colony, and merely observed a defensive attitude. He dealt the Iroquois power a severe blow, burned the villages of the Onnontagués and Onneyouts, and devastated their country. By his orders d'Iberville razed Fort Pemquid in Acadia, captured St. John's, Newfoundland, and nearly the entire island, and took possession of all Hudson Bay Territory. Frontenac died sincerely regretted by the whole colony which he had saved from ruin. His character was a mixture of good and bad qualities. The latter were less evident during his second administration and his talents rendered eminent services. He found Canada weakened and attacked on all sides; he left it in peace, enlarged, and respected. He has been justly called "saver of the country". In spite of his JANSENistic educataion and prejudices against the bishop, the Jesuits, and even the Sulpicians, http://gulib.lausun.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/sulpicia.htm he possessed a rich fund of faith and piety. He was a faithful friend of the Recollects, and was buried in their church. ******************************* http://www.blupete.com/Hist/BiosNS/1600-00/Champlain.htm Champlain, the founder of Québec City, or the Count de Frontenac, the first governor of New France ... historic site of great importance in the history of Québec City. The French ... www.letacanada.com/consumer. ************************************************************** CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE (1567-1635), French explorer, colonial pioneer and first governor of French Canada, was born at Brouage, a small French port on the Bay of Biscay, in 1567. His father was a sea captain, and the boy was early skilled in seamanship and navigation. He entered the army of Henry IV., and served in Brittany under Jean dAumont, [DUMONT] Franois de St Luc and Charles de Brissac. When the army of the League was disbanded he accompanied his uncle, who had charge of the ships in which the Spanish allies were conveyed home, and on reaching Cadiz secured (1599) the command of one of the vessels about to make an expedition to the West Indies. He was gone over two years, visiting all the principal ports and pushing inland from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. The MS. account of his adventures, Bref Discours des Choses plus remarquables que Samuel Champlain de Brouage a recognues aux Indes Occidentales, is in the library at Dieppe. [1859-1870] It was not published in French until 1870, although an English translation was printed by the Hakluyt Society in 1859. It contains a suggestion of a Panama Canal, by which the voyage to the South Sea would be shortened by more than 1500 leagues. In. 1603 Champlain made his first voyage to Canada, being sent out by Aymar de Clermont, seigneur de Chastes, on whom the king had bestowed a patent. http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CH/CHAMPLAIN_SAMUEL_DE.htm Champlain at once established friendly relations with the Indians and explored the St Lawrence to the rapids above Montreal. On his return he published an interesting and historically valuable little book, Des sauvages, ou voyage de Samuel Champlain de Brouagefait en la France Nouvelle. During his absence de Chastes had died, and his privileges and fur trade monopolies were conferred upon Pierre de Guast, sieur de Monts (156o16I1). With him, ~n. 1604, Champlain was engaged in exploring the coast as far south as Cape Cod, in seeking a site for a new settlement, and in making surveys and charts. They first settled on an island near the mouth of the St Croix river, and then at Port Royalnow Annapolis, N.S. Meanwhile the Basques and Bretons, asserting that they were being ruined by de Monts privileges, got his patent revoked, and Champlain returned with the discouraged colonists to Europe. When, however, in modified form, the patent was re-granted to his patron Champlain induced him to abandon Acadia and establish a settlement on the St Lawrence, of the commercial advantages of which, perhaps even. as a western route to China and Japan, he soon convinced him. Champlain was placed in command of one of the two vessels sent out. He was to explore and colonize, while the other vessel traded, to pay for the expedlition. Champlain fixed on the site of Quebec and founded the first white settlement there in July 1608, giving it its present name. In the spring he joined a war party of Algonquins and Hurons, discovered the great lake that bears his name, and, near the present Ticonderoga, took with his arquebus an important part in the victory which his savage friends obtained over the Iroquois. The Iroquois naturally turned first to the Dutch and then to the English for allies. Thus did new France rush into collision with the redoubted warriors of the Five Nations. Here was the beginning, and in some measure doubtless the cause, of a long suite of murderous conflicts, bearing havoc and flame to generations yet unborn (Parkman). Champlain returned to France and again related to Henry IV.who had previously learned his worth and had pensioned himhis exciting adventures. De Monts failed to secure a renewal of his patent, but resolved to proceed without it. Champlain was again (1611) ill Canada, fighting for and against the Indians and establishing a trading post at Mont Royal (see MONTREAL). He was the third white man to descend, and the second to descend successfully, the Lachine Rapids. De Monts, now governor of Paris, was too busy to occupy himself in the waning fortunes of the colony, and left them entirely to his associate. An influential protector was needed; and Champlain prevailed upon. Charles de Bourbon, comte de Soissons, to interest himself to obtain from the king the appointment of lieutenant-general in New France. The comte de Soissons died almost immediately, and was succeeded in the office by Henri de Bourbon, prince de Cond, and he, like hispredecessors and successors, retained Champlain as lieutenantgovernor. In Champlain alone was the life of New France. By instinct and temperament he waa more impelled to the adventurous toils of exploration. than to the duller task of building colonies. The profits of trade had value in his eyes only as means to these ends, and settlements were important chiefly as a base of discovery. Two great objects eclipsed all others, [#1.]to find a route to the Indies, and [#2..]to bring the heathen tribes into the embraces of the Church, since, while he cared little for their bodies, his solicitude for their souls knew no bounds (Parkman). In 1613 Champlain again crossed the Atlantic and endeavoured to confirm Nicolas de Vignaus alleged discovery of a short route to the ocean by the Ottawa river, a great lake at its source, and another river flowing north therefrom. That year he got as far as Allumette Island in the Ottawa, but two years later, with a Great War Party of Indians, he crossed Lake Nipissing and the eastern. ends of Lakes Huron and Ontario, and made a fierce but unsuccessful attack on an Onondaga fortified town a few miles south of Lake Oneida. This was the end of his wanderings. He now devoted himself to the growth and strengthening of Quebec. Every year he went to France with this end in view. He was one of the hundred associates of the Company of New France, created by Richelieu to reform abuses and take over all his countrys interests in the new world. These ill-defended possessions England now prepared to seize. [THREE SHIPS and THREE BROTHERS] Three ships were sent out under letters of marque commanded by David, Lewis and Thomas KIRKE, and Quebec, already on the verge of starvation, was compelled to surrender (1629). Champlain was taken to England a prisoner, but when. Canada was restored to the French he returned (1633) to his post, where he died on the 25th of December 5635. He had married in 1610, Hlhne BOULL,[BULLY] then but twelve years old. She did not leave France for Canada, however, until ten years later. After his death she became a nun. Champlains complete works in 6 vols. were published under the patronage of the university of Laval in 1870. There is a careful translation of Champlains Voyages, by Professor and Mrs E. G. Bourne in the Trailmaker series edited by Prof. J. B. McMaster. See F. Parkman, Pioneers of Fr~nce in the New World (1865); J. Winsor, Cartier to Frontenac (1894); N. E. Dionne, Champlain (I905). (N. E. D.) ***************************************************************** ===== ********************************************* "President John QUINCY's educated at 'em; 'n' so was your bishop, there, *CHEVEROO, 't was made a Card'nal, or what not, out 't Bordo, 'n France; but 's I was saying', when we got a talkin' 'bout common schools, ...... Why, there were fishermen down 't Marblehead 'n' Gloucester, 'n' all 'long there, b'fore ever Noofundland 's heard of, --'s goin'to say....." R.T.S.LOWELL (in BR NL 1843-1847) *CHEVEREUX, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15592c.htm Remember the children of Mount CASHEL, and those who spent time with M. JACKSON, the son of a RUSSELLite ?? and the abused children of PEI. http://www.canoe.ca/CNEWSLaw0002/feb15_amallo_CP.html http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03710b.htm http://www.currency.com.au/newsite/preview/christian.htm http://www.reganbalman.com/unassailable.html http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1105681437551_25/?hub=WFive ************************************************************** __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ************************************************************** Going on vacation? Prefer the digest mode? Manage your NGB Mailing List subscription http://ngb.chebucto.org/ngb-mail.shtml
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